The objective of this study is to provide insight into the broad topic of sustainability, as encompassed by ESG ratings and scores, and its influence on the performance of companies at a global scale, with a focus on the manufacturing sector. This study involves a thorough examination of existing literature and a detailed bibliometric analysis, providing valuable insights about the progression of scientific papers related to this subject matter. The bibliometric technique refers to a quantitative examination of publications that is primarily concerned with the utilization of information functions in relation to the advancement of research within a specific field. The present study utilizes the Scopus database and the VOSviewer visualization tool to show the outcomes derived from a comprehensive analysis of pertinent literature and bibliometric evaluation of scholarly publications pertaining to the relationship between sustainability, ESG ratings, and business value. The work shows that although the concept of ESG has been around for decades, businesses and institutions have begun to take issues related to it seriously in the 2010s. Since 2009 there was an exponential increase in the number of papers published  until 2023. Read more

Many EU countries have disparities in fiscal taxes and social security contributions, which result in uneven ways for the governments to deploy their financial help. With this assistance, the member states will be able to overcome the pandemic's blockade, which has severely affected every nation. As the unemployment rate hit an all-time high, the states had to modify their policies to prevent poverty from spreading. While the legal aspect is getting better every day, not much research has been done from an economic perspective up until this point. Thus, this paper aims to compare the current legal framework with the economic initiatives that have been implemented thus far, while also analyzing the tangential point of immigration, which is a crucial consideration. Experts in every profession ultimately aim for fiscal harmonization, thus the parallels between the legal and economic measures are at core of this paper. The statistical correlation between the immigration rate and the unemployment rate demonstrates how closely related those two variables are to one another and how changing one will affect the other. As previously indicated, certain EU nations are not in a regular relationship because of their high rates of immigration and unemployment. In certain analyses, Romania serves as our starting point since, by examining Romania's relations with a specified group of EU nations, we may determine which of our population has opted to immigrate or make social contributions in. To sum up, this paper offers significant recommendations in the areas of economics and fiscal policy so that we can modify relevant policies to assist the underprivileged and shed light on legislative provisions so that the upcoming recession doesn't impact anyone. Read more